1. Describe interaction and stability in 3-D form. What is the “three plane rule?” Give an example?
Whenever an artist is working with a small scale model that envolves planar construction they begin their ideas as paper studies. While they experiment with the paper studies the process reveals that there are one of three ways that two planar forms can interact with one another. One, two planes can meet at a common edge in which the paper is folded. Second, the an edge of one plane can abut the face of another. Thirdly, two planes can interpenetrate, in which, they pass through one another. with paper studies some structures are free standing while others need more structural stability. The simpliest method is to remember the "three planes rule". A stable structure results when any three planes meets so that each plane interacts with both of the other planes.
Aaron J Starksy, March 4 2013
2. What is an environmental plane and planar structure? Give examples and describe it.
A environmental plane is when any stable planar construction is attached to a surface (third plane). Therefore, if two interacting planes are attached to a wall, tabletop, or pavement of a environment those planes become stable by abutting the third structural plane. Any surface in which a planar structure is mounted is called the ground plane of the structure. The ground plane is a perfect example of environmental planes. Tabletops, ceilings, walls, floors. the surface of the earth, all act as environmental planes.
Rashomon, 1998
3. Define an architectonic form. List three examples given in the reading: (A). (B). (C.)
A architectonic form can be the actual architecture itself and the architectural environment its located in or a planar form created in resemblance or reference to architecture, like furniture and other objects. Features of architectonic shapes include regualr geometric shapes featuring a preponderance of triangles, rectangles, and simple curve like circles. Another, is emphasis on horizontal and vertical orientations relative to gravity and a usually orthogonal placement of elements. Thirdly, the strong contrast between closed (interior) and open(exterior) space with emphasis on the transitions of these two types of spaces.
HGP Architects, Portmouth Spinnaker Tower, October 2005
4. How can a reflective surface effect the transition of space?
Reflective surfaces can effect the transition of space by giving off the illusion of open space entering into a closed surface. For example, mirrors in a closed space like a small lobby of a hotel give the illusion of more open interior space than in actuality. Mirrors are widely known to serve as visual transitions for most closed surfaces. Another reflective surface is windows and doors which allow the transition from open to closed space and vnice versa.
Kubler House Architects, Date Unknown
5. How can planes define volume?
Planes can define volume by their virtue or shape. A planes main functions is to shape and activate space. By doing so creating volume in a 3-dimensional world. A plane or planar shape is the very thing that defines space (an empty material).
"Concrete Board Table", Domink Weber and Kevin Rubin, Novemeber 2012
6. Describe the following organizational principles that relate to 3 dimensional forms:
(Give your own visual examples)
1. Organization
The whole pattern and structure of the design that ties the whole object together in a undestandible matter. Directly correlates with the purposes, meaning and function that the design will serve.
2. Synergy
Is a term used to describe the unpredictable capabilities that can emerge in an organization whose individual elements seem relatively unimpressive on their own.
"The whole is greater than the some of its parts"
3. Order and freedom
Order is a natural human trait and artists greatest obstacle is feeling inclined to be overly orderly. As well as freedom; too much of it as well as variety can jeopardize a composition. The trick is to find a combination of order and freedom, unity and richness, and in choosing which to emphasize to achieve ones goals.
4. Structure and unity
In order to create a structure that is unified there has to be organizational devices. One is a systematic structure and the other a intuitive structure. A systemtic structure relies on a more formalized and mathematical applications of unifying principles. While intuituive structures relies on the viewers psychological experience of the visual interplay of elements to show a composition with a sense of order.
5. Symmetry
Symmetry in reference to three-dimensionality there are three different froms, mirror (or bilateral) symmetry, plane of symmetry, and radial symmetry. Mirror symmetry is the most commonly used one because it is refernce to the human body and is defined as when one half of a composition is repeated by its refelection in the other half. Plane symmetry is any plane that divides an object into two mirrored halves. Radial symmetry in three dimensions consists of repeated forms that may be radial from a central axis.
6. Repetition within variety
Repitition of the same or similar elements shows order in a composition. While variety specifies that the repeated obect can be the same but the actual shape or form can change. Variety of repitition is used to pique interest. Repeating not just the compositional elements but also specific realtionships between these elements show a strong unity.
Rythm and gradation are two important parts of repitition and variety. And they both entail the systematic repitition of the intervals of change.
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